OSAHS儿童手术后血浆Orexin-A水平测定的初步分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童血浆Orexin-A水平以及手术后血浆Orexin-A水平的变化.方法:对96例经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的OSAHS患儿行腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术,选择29例儿童作为对照组.采用放射免测定法,测定OSAHS患儿术前、术后6个月血浆Orexin-A水平.记录OSAHS患儿PSG检查结果AHI和最低血氧(LSaO2).结果:OSAHS组血浆Orexin-A水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后6个月血浆Orexin-A水平与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).血浆Orexin-A与AHI呈正相关(r=0.542,P＜0.01),与最低血氧(LSaO2)呈负相关(r=-0.798,P＜0.01).结论:OSAHS患儿Orexin-A水平升高,手术治疗可使血浆Orexin-A水平下降,血浆Orexin-A水平和AHI、最低血氧(LSaO2)有相关性.     

Nocturnal CPAP improves walking capacity in COPD patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

Background

Exercise limitation is an important issue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it often co-exists with obstructive sleep apnoea (overlap syndrome). This study examined the effects of nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on walking capacity in COPD patients with or without obstructive sleep apnoea.

Methods

Forty-four stable moderate-to-severe COPD patients were recruited and completed this study. They all underwent polysomnography, CPAP titration, accommodation, and treatment with adequate pressure. The incremental shuttle walking test was used to measure walking capacity at baseline and after two nights of CPAP treatment. Urinary catecholamine and heart rate variability were measured before and after CPAP treatment.

Results

After two nights of CPAP treatment, the apnoea-hypopnoea index and oxygen desaturation index significantly improved in both overlap syndrome and COPD patients, however these changes were significantly greater in the overlap syndrome than in the COPD group. Sleep architecture and autonomic dysfunction significantly improved in the overlap syndrome group but not in the COPD group. CPAP treatment was associated with an increased walking capacity from baseline from 226.4 ± 95.3 m to 288.6 ± 94.6 m (P < 0.05), and decreased urinary catecholamine levels, pre-exercise heart rate, oxygenation, and Borg scale in the overlap syndrome group. An improvement in the apnoea-hypopnoea index was an independent factor associated with the increase in walking distance (r = 0.564).

Conclusion

Nocturnal CPAP may improve walking capacity in COPD patients with overlap syndrome.

Trial registration

{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00914264","term_id":"NCT00914264"}}NCT00914264     

酪酸梭菌活菌散在迟发型母乳性黄疸中的应用

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌散促进迟发型母乳性黄疸消退的疗效。方法将87例迟发型母乳性黄疽患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组43例和观察组44例,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加服酿酸梭菌活菌散,500mg/次,3次/d,两组均不停止母乳喂养。观察两组患儿日均胆红素水平的变化及黄疽消退时间。结果观察组日均胆红素下降程度显著大于对照组（P〈0. 01）,观察组黄疸消退时间明显短于对照组（P〈0. 01）,差异有统计学意义。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗迟发型母乳性黄疸,不仅可加速胆红素降低水平,缩短黄疽持续时间,而且能显著缓解茵扼黄颗粒引起的腹泻,是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗措施,并减少停喂母乳对乳母及乳儿的不利影响,值得临床推广应用。     

Roles of bioavailable iron and calcium in coal dust-induced oxidative stress: possible implications in coal workers' lung disease

Marked regional differences in prevalence of pneumoconiosis are apparent in the US despite comparable dust exposure. In the present study, we examined the ability of 28 coal samples to release bioavailable iron (BAI) and calcium, as well as other metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, and Co, from three coalmine regions in Utah (UT), West Virginia (WV), and Pennsylvania (PA), respectively. BAI is defined as iron (both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ) released by the coals in 10 mM phosphate solution, pH 4.5, which mimics conditions of the phagolysosomes in cells. We found that coals from the UT, WV, and PA regions released average levels of BAI of 9.6, 4658.8, and 12149 parts per million (ppm, w/w), respectively, which correlated well with the prevalence of pneumoconiosis from that region (correlation coefficient r =0.92 ). The low levels of BAI in the UT coals were due to the presence of calcite (CaCO 3 ), which was shown to be preferentially acid solubilized before iron compounds. Release of iron by two coal samples from the PA and UT regions was further examined in vitro in human lung epithelial A549 cells. We found that the coal from PA, with a high prevalence of pneumoconiosis, released BAI in a dose-dependent manner, both in tissue culture media and in A549 cells. At 2 μg/cm 2 , levels of lipid peroxidation induced by the PA coal were increased 112% over control cells at 24 h treatment, and were sustained at this level for 3 days. The coal from UT, with a low prevalence of pneumoconiosis, induced a marginal increase in cellular iron at 5 and 10 μg/cm 2 treatments and had no effect on lipid peroxidation. Calcium levels in the cells treated with the PA and UT coals were 8.6 and 11.5 μmoles/10 6 cells, respectively, and were significantly higher than that in the controls (53 μmoles/10 6 cells). Our results suggest that the differences in the BAI content in the coals may be responsible for the observed regional differences in the prevalence of pneumoconiosis. Therefore, BAI may be a useful characteristic of coal for predicting coal's toxicity.     

血清IL-6、CRP在阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并发冠心病患者发病中的作用

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)在阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并发冠心病(CHD)患者发病中的作用。方法:选取2013年12月~2015年2月我院的健康人群(正常组)、单纯OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)、OSAHS合并CHD患者(OSAHS+CHD组)作为研究对象,对比三组的睡眠呼吸指标、血清IL-6、CRP水平,并分析患者中三者的相关性分析。结果:正常组的血清IL-6和CRP水平均显著低于单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组(P0.05),且OSAHS+CHD组高于单纯OSAHS组(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组在睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、平均Sa O2、最低Sa O2、呼吸暂停时间百分比上具有显著差异(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组和OSAHS+CHD组患者血清IL-6与CRP均为正相关关系(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组血清IL-6和CRP均与AHI、呼吸暂停时间百分比呈正相关(P0.05),与最低Sa O2呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:IL-6、CRP和OSAHS合并CHD有密切关联性,为临床研究探讨炎性过程在OSAHS并CHD中的作用机制,以及心血管事件的防治等方向提供了依据。     

The perception of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) among Italian general practitioners

Background

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disorder in the general population but often underestimated and underdiagnosed.

Methods

This questionnaire-based study evaluated the overall level of knowledge about OSAHS among Italian General Practitioners (GPs), who are frequently involved in the management of this complex disease. This represents an interesting aspect, because GPs intercept many of the patients with OSAHS, in which C-PAP could be potentially indicated. Randomly-selected GPs were provided with questionnaires, which were then returned anonymously.

Results

80 questionnaires have been validated; the participants in the sample examined were represented by 43 females and 37 males; the average age of participants was 51 years. The general knowledge on OSAHS is overall satisfactory among GPs; it is recognized by most of the GPs interviewed as pathology in constant increase, and associated with predisposing factors such as obesity. High blood pressure is perceived as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients with OSAHS, in line with the majority of international studies. The C-PAP has been identified as the care gold standard in patients with OSAHS, despite the lack of patient compliance in relation to this procedure, while polysomnography was found to be the main instrumental procedure used in the diagnostic workup of OSAS. The pulmonologist and a multidisciplinary team have been identified as the specialist figures of reference to which to direct the patient through the diagnostic workup. Respiratory therapists and nurses represent the role of educator in the proper management of the C-PAP in the opinion of 62% of respondents, while only 34% think that this role should be played by the GPs and/or other specialists.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this survey about the perception of OSAHS among GPs in Italy highlighted a satisfactory overall knowledge of OSAHS and only few weak points.     

Sestrin 2 Protein Regulates Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor β (Pdgfrβ) Expression by Modulating Proteasomal and Nrf2 Transcription Factor Functions

We recently identified the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) as a suppressor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) signaling and Pdgfrβ signaling as an inducer of lung regeneration and injury repair. Here, we identified Sesn2 and the antioxidant gene inducer nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as positive regulators of proteasomal function. Inactivation of Sesn2 or Nrf2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated proteasomal inhibition and Pdgfrβ accumulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Sesn2 at nearly endogenous levels, we also showed that Sesn2 physically interacts with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and Nrf2 albeit under different reductive conditions. Overall, we characterized a novel, redox-sensitive Sesn2/Pdgfrβ suppressor pathway that negatively interferes with lung regeneration and is up-regulated in the emphysematous lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).     

Targeted Disruption of Ig-Hepta/Gpr116 Causes Emphysema-like Symptoms That Are Associated with Alveolar Macrophage Activation

Ig-Hepta/GPR116 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family predominantly expressed in the alveolar type II epithelial cells of the lung. Previous studies have shown that Ig-Hepta is essential for lung surfactant homeostasis, and loss of its function results in high accumulation of surfactant lipids and proteins in the alveolar space. Ig-Hepta knock-out (Ig-Hepta^−/−) mice also exhibit emphysema-like symptoms, including accumulation of foamy alveolar macrophages (AMs), but its pathogenic mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from Ig-Hepta^−/− mice contains high levels of inflammatory mediators, lipid hydroperoxides, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are produced by AMs. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was observed in the AMs of Ig-Hepta^−/− mice in an age-dependent manner. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated and translocated into the nuclei of the AMs of Ig-Hepta^−/− mice. Release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 from the AMs was strongly inhibited by treatment with inhibitors of oxidants and NF-κB. We also found that the level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is increased in the embryonic lungs of Ig-Hepta^−/− mice at 18.5 days postcoitum, when AMs are not accumulated and activated. These results suggest that Ig-Hepta plays an important role in regulating macrophage immune responses, and its deficiency leads to local inflammation in the lung, where AMs produce excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species and up-regulate MMPs through the NF-κB signaling pathway.     

儿童与成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征代谢 异常特征的比较

目的:探讨儿童及成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)发病原因、睡眠呼吸紊乱严重程度及合并代谢异常程度的差别。方法:对我院2003年1月1日至2010年7月1日71例诊断为OSAHS住院患者进行回顾性调查,登记年龄、性别、发病原因、血压、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞比率、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度、微觉醒指数。根据年龄进行分组,年龄<18岁者为A组,年龄≥18岁者为B组。比较两组发病原因、睡眠呼吸紊乱及合并代谢异常程度的差别。结果:1.A组慢性扁桃体炎和(或)腺样体肥大发生率明显高于B组(P<0.01),鼻中隔偏曲发生率明显低于B组(P<0.01)。2.与B组比较,A组AHI及微觉醒指数降低,夜间最低血氧饱和度升高(P<0.01);3.与B组比较,A组高血压、中性粒细胞比率、谷丙转氨酶比例降低(P<0.05)。结论:A组睡眠呼吸紊乱程度及代谢异常较B组程度轻,更需关注成人阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的综合治疗。     

脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白的研究进展

脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白（adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,AFABP/aP2）作为脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABPS）超家族成员之一,广泛存在于各种正常的组织细胞中,参与脂肪酸贮存,运输与降解等过程。近年来,对脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白的研究已成为热点,本文就其主要特征及其与各类疾病的关系作一简要综述。